May 01, 2024  
2017-2018 Graduate Catalog 
    
2017-2018 Graduate Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


 

Biology

  
  • BIO 601. Mentored Teaching


    1.00
    Students continue their exploration of effective teaching strategies in the biological sciences as they enter into their first teaching assignment in the department. Students will work under a faculty teaching mentor who will guide the students through their first teaching experience in the Department of Biology. Emphasis will be placed on mentor and peer evaluations of the students’ teaching skills. May be repeated for up to two credits for different teaching assignments.  Co-requisite: BIO 600 .
  
  • BIO 602. Effective Scientific Communication


    2.00
    Students will develop skills in effective oral and written communications in the biological sciences. Emphasis will be placed on student learning styles, how to prepare an effective lecture or research seminar, effective use of presentation technologies and effective scientific writing.
  
  • BIO 603. Scientific Presentations


    1.00
    A forum for students to present their research and/or teaching materials to their peers and receive constructive feedback on their progress. Presentations may take the form of informal “chalk talks,” journal club presentations and/or formal presentations. This course is graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory (S/U) basis. May be repeated for up to two credits.
  
  • BIO 615. Managing Anatomy and Physiology Laboratories


    2.00
    This course will teach students how to manage an anatomy and physiology laboratory. Course topics will include lab safety, course budgets, the acquisition of supplies, facility layout and design, cadaver maintenance, and the use and maintenance of equipment and inventory control.
  
  • BIO 630. Advanced Graduate Topics in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology


    1.00 - 3.00
    Typically Offered: FALL&SPRNG
    Studies in advanced special areas of biology. May be repeated with change in topic or change in subject matter within a topic.
  
  • BIO 660. Advanced Graduate Topics in Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology


    1.00 - 3.00
    Typically Offered: FALL&SPRNG
    Seminar in special areas of biology. May be repeated up to a total of 12 hours with change in subject matter.
  
  • BIO 697. Biological Research


    1.00 - 6.00
    Laboratory and/or field research will be conducted under the direction of the Graduate Advisory Committee. The course will emphasize the development of research techniques and data collection. Can be repeated for credit. This course is graded on the satisfactory/unsatisfactory (S/U) basis. Hours do not apply toward 30 hours required for graduation.
  
  • BIO 698. Comprehensive Continuance


    1.00
    Continued preparation in anticipation of the comprehensive examination. Course may be repeated as needed. A grade of “NC” (no credit) will be automatically entered for continuance hours. Hours do not apply toward 30 hours required for graduation.
  
  • BIO 699. Thesis Continuance


    1.00
    Continued study, research and writing in the area of thesis concentration. Course may be repeated as needed. A grade of “NC” (no credit) will be automatically entered for continuance hours. Hours do not apply toward 30 hours required for graduation.
  
  • BIO 700. Thesis Research


    1.00 - 6.00
    Thesis research to be directed by the Graduate Advisory Committee. This course is graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory (S/U) basis. Prerequisites: Unconditional admission status in the graduate program and completion of an approved thesis research proposal.
  
  • BIO 701. Effective Teaching III: Teaching Portfolio


    3.00
    Students will document their teaching background in preparation for the job application process.

Communication Sciences and Disorders

  
  • CSD 500. Research in Communication Sciences and Disorders


    2.00
    Focuses on both basic and applied research interpretation.
  
  • CSD 501. Workshops in Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology


    3.00
    Designed to provide a detailed study of a particular topic of interest in speech pathology and/or audiology. Prerequisite: Permission of department head.
  
  • CSD 510. Seminar in Audiology (Clinical Methods)


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course addresses selected topics, issues and other content designed to prepare students for clinical practice in audiology. Content is treated on an introductory level with emphasis upon problem solving, integration of information across didactic and practical knowledge toward clinical skill development.
  
  • CSD 511. Instrumentation in Audiology


    3.00
    A study of topics and procedures of instrumentation that are fundamental to clinical practice including electricity and electronics, filters, calibration, acoustical impedance, analog and digital signals, and acoustics.
  
  • CSD 512. Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory and Vestibular Systems


    3.00
    Advanced study of the anatomy and physiology of the auditory and vestibular systems to include cochlear and neural mechanisms of sound coding.
  
  • CSD 513. Anatomy and Physiology of the Central Auditory Pathway


    2.00
    Advanced study of the anatomy and physiology of the central auditory pathway from the cochlear nucleus to the auditory cortex. Neural bases for encoding cues for intensity, frequency and localization will be discussed. Normal mechanisms will be discussed in light of diagnosis and treatment of pathological processes.
  
  • CSD 514. Audiologic Assessment


    3.00
    A study of auditory disorders and the measurement of hearing including an overview of behavioral and physiologic measures. Emphasis is placed on the behavioral evaluation of the peripheral system, tests of cochlear and retrocochlear differentiation, and immittance measures.
  
  • CSD 515. Human Communication and Aural Rehabilitation


    3.00
    This course focuses on the impact of hearing loss on human communication across the lifespan. Aural habilitation and rehabilitation procedures common to the 20th century are compared with today’s trends and with projected advances expected for the 21st century.
  
  • CSD 516. Vestibular Physiology and Testing


    3.00
    Advanced study of the anatomy and physiology of the oculomotor and vestibular systems. Detailed study of basic and advanced concepts in clinical testing, treatment and mechanisms of rehabilitation of disorders of the vestibular and balance system.
  
  • CSD 519. Audiology Clinical Practicum A


    3.00
    Supervised clinical practicum at the Communication Sciences and Disorders Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic and a variety of other settings. Lab fee required. Prerequisite: CSD 510 .
  
  • CSD 520. Advanced Sign Language


    3.00
    Advanced sign language will enhance the communication skills of the student whose core vocabulary and knowledge of application of sign language are basic. The course arranges opportunities for building fluency and reception, as well as expanding knowledge of sign systems and the appropriateness in a given situation. Prerequisite: CSD 420 or permission of instructor.
  
  • CSD 522. Communication Disorders of the Traumatically Brain Injured


    2.00
    An overview of the role of speech-language pathology in the interdisciplinary management of cognitive-communicative deficits associated with traumatic brain injury.
  
  • CSD 523. Psychoacoustics


    3.00
    A study of the relationship between a sound stimulus and the behavioral response it produces in a listener.
  
  • CSD 524. Audiologic Assessment II


    3.00
    A study of various measures of auditory function including an overview of common physiologic techniques of hearing and balance, tests of pseudohypacusis and central auditory dysfunction. Consideration is provided to variation in technique for different age populations and the difficult-to-test.
  
  • CSD 525. Seminar in Audiology (Clinical Methods II)


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course addresses selected topics, issues and other content designed to prepare students for clinical practice in audiology. Content is treated on an introductory level with emphasis upon problem solving, integration of information across didactic and practical knowledge toward clinical skill development.
  
  • CSD 526. Supervision in Speech Language Pathology and Audiology


    1.00
    The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association guidelines for clinical supervision form the basis for the study of the supervisory process. Problems in supervision and current research will offer students models and techniques to apply as a supervisee or supervisor.
  
  • CSD 527. Aging and Communication


    1.00
    A study of the processes underlying normal aging and the potential effects of senescence on communication abilities. Emphasis is placed on the speech, language, and cognitive therapeutic interventions relative to geriatric care. Prerequisite: CSD 641 . Language Disorders in Adults (recommended).
  
  • CSD 528. Autism


    1.00
    Focus on demographics of autism spectrum disorders, historical and contemporary diagnostic and treatment procedures, and the role of the speech-language pathologist in interdisciplinary programs.
  
  • CSD 529. Augmentative Communication


    1.00
    Assessment and intervention strategies for the speechless population will be presented. Students will participate in demonstrations of alternative communication systems. An interdisciplinary team approach to (re)habilitation will be studied.
  
  • CSD 530. Early Intervention


    1.00
    Introduction to early intervention programs and approaches for infants and toddlers with emphasis on the role of the speech-language pathologist in team intervention.
  
  • CSD 531. Industrial Audiology


    2.00
    A study of the effects of noise upon humans and topics relevant to hearing conservation, such as noise assessment and risk factors, hearing protectors, audiometric testing, employee training and record keeping.
  
  • CSD 532. Counseling in Audiology


    2.00
    This course introduces graduate students to counseling within the discipline of audiology, particularly treating special needs of individuals and the families/caregivers of individuals with hearing loss. Indicators that suggest counseling as an additional service are also covered.
  
  • CSD 533. Business Applications in Audiology


    3.00
    This course focuses on the various professional and business practices and regulations that impact audiology. Topics include licensure, certification, ethical and professional standards of practice, as well as practice management and business methods common to the practice of audiology.
  
  • CSD 539. Audiology Clinical Practicum B


    2.00
    Supervised clinical practicum at the Communication Sciences and Disorders Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic and a variety of other settings. Lab fee required. Prerequisites: CSD 519  and CSD 525 .
  
  • CSD 540. Language Development and Disorders in Children for School Personnel


    3.00
    A comprehensive study of the language development of children, the various characterizations of language impairment in children, and intervention issues and strategies, with a particular focus on academic and educational implications and interdisciplinary management in daycare, preschool and school environments.
  
  • CSD 544. Evaluation and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders


    3.00
    Current research and clinical management will be presented of individuals showing difficulties in feeding orally and aspirating. Normal physiology of deglutition and the multidisciplinary approach toward the management of dysphagia will be emphasized.
  
  • CSD 550. Seminar in Audiology (Tinnitus)


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course addresses selected topics, issues and other content designed to prepare students for clinical practice in audiology. Content is treated on an intermediate level with emphasis upon problem solving and integration of information across didactic and practical knowledge toward clinical skill development.
  
  • CSD 551. Introduction to Hearing Aids


    3.00
    A study of hearing handicap and its management in adults, including amplification technologies, electroacoustic analyses, and prescription and verification procedures. Emphasis is on the foundations of clinical management.
  
  • CSD 560. Neuromotor Speech Disorders


    3.00
    Typically Offered: SPRING
    The objective of this course is to familiarize students with theoretical and clinical aspects in the areas of dysarthria and apraxia. Similarities and differences of the speech impairments in these disorders will be demonstrated and applied to diagnosis and treatment. Prerequisite: CSD 604 .
  
  • CSD 561. AR for Audiology


    1.00
    Clinical practicum in aural rehabilitation.
  
  • CSD 563. SLP for Audiology


    1.00
    Speech-language pathology practicum for the audiology major.
  
  • CSD 581. Speech Practicum A


    2.00
    This is the first in a series of practicum courses. It includes both practice-base and didactic components.
  
  • CSD 582. Speech Practicum B


    2.00
    This is the second in a series of required practicum courses. It includes both practice base and didactic components. Prerequisites: CSD 581 .
  
  • CSD 583. Speech Practicum C


    2.00
    This required practicum course is an intermediate level practice-based experience. Prerequisites: CSD 581 CSD 623  and CSD 640 .
  
  • CSD 600. Research in Audiology


    3.00
    Evaluations of research designs and methods in audiology, critique of published articles and student involvement in designing experiments on assigned topics.
  
  • CSD 604. Neuroanatomy and Nerophysiology of Speech & Language


    3.00
    Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology with an emphasis on speech and language behavior. Comprehensive examination of the neuroanatomic and neurophysiologic substrate for cognition and communication.
  
  • CSD 605. Physiological and Acoustical Phonetics


    3.00
    Respiratory, phonatory, resonatory and articulatory components of speech output are considered. Theoretical models of speech production and reception are discussed.
  
  • CSD 611. Neurophysiologic Measures I


    4.00 - 5.00
    Study of the neurophysiological and electrophysiological properties of the human peripheral and central auditory pathways.
  
  • CSD 619. Audiology Clinical Practicum C


    3.00
    Supervised clinical practicum at the Communication Sciences and Disorders Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic and a variety of other settings. Prerequisite: CSD 539  or permission of instructor.
  
  • CSD 620. Seminar in Audiology (Research Proposal)


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course provides students the opportunity to explore research questions in various areas of audiology, to develop hypotheses and design appropriate research methodology. The expectation at the conclusion of the course is that students will have designed a research proposal that can provide a foundation for dissertation research.
  
  • CSD 621. Neurophysiologic Measures II


    4.00
    Advanced study of the neurophysiological and electrophysiological properties of the human auditory and related sensory and motor systems.
  
  • CSD 622. Advanced Hearing Aids


    4.00
    An advanced study of hearing handicap and its prosthetic management. Various technologies, prescription methods and verification procedures are critically reviewed.
  
  • CSD 623. Advanced Study of Phonological Disorders


    3.00
    Articulatory phonetics, phonological processes and co-articulation are considered. Emphasis is given to analysis of phonological delays/disorders and specific procedures of remediation.
  
  • CSD 625. Pediatric Dysphagia


    1.00
    The study of feeding and swallowing disorders in children. Instrumental and neuro developmental evaluation will be presented. Management techniques for feeding and swallowing difficulties will be advanced.
  
  • CSD 629. Audiology Clinical Practicum D


    3.00
    Supervised clinical practicum at the Communication Sciences and Disorders Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic and a variety of other settings. Prerequisite: CSD 619  or permission of instructor.
  
  • CSD 632. Processes and Disorders of Speech Fluency


    2.00
    Advanced diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of stuttering for children and adults are studied. Particular emphasis is placed on differentiating incipient stuttering from normal disfluencies.
  
  • CSD 633. Auditory Pathophysiology


    3.00
    A study of the various disorders of the external, middle and inner ears; the retrocochlear and central auditory systems; and the vestibular and balance system.
  
  • CSD 639. Audiology Rotation A


    3.00
    Supervised clinical practicum at clinical settings external to the Communication Sciences and Disorders Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic. Prerequisites: CSD 629 , permission of instructor and head of department.
  
  • CSD 640. Advanced Children’s Language Disorders


    3.00
    Comprehensive study of children’s pragmatic, semantic and syntactic impairments. Emphasis is placed upon etiologies, evaluation and habilitation procedures.
  
  • CSD 641. Language Disorders in Adults


    3.00
    Theoretical comparative aspects and clinical management of aphasia in adults are emphasized. Communication disorders associated with right hemisphere brain damage are also considered. Prerequisites: CSD 604 
  
  • CSD 649. Selected Clinical Topics in Audiology


    4.00
    Discussion of advanced topics relevant to audiology, emphasizing the synthesis of theory with clinical practice.
  
  • CSD 656. Voice Disorders


    2.00
    The study of laryngeal functions and disorders. In­depth study of acoustic and physiologic parameters of the vocal mechanism. Emphasis is given to the diagnosis and management of vocal pathologies.
  
  • CSD 680. Reading and Research


    1.00 - 3.00
    Designed to allow graduate students to pursue independent study and/or research in the area of speech, language and hearing disorders under appropriate faculty supervision. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Permission of department head.
  
  • CSD 681. Hearing for Slp


    1.00
  
  • CSD 682. Speech Practicum D


    2.00
    This required practicum course is an advanced level practice-based experience. Prerequisites: CSD 581 , CSD 582  and CSD 583 .
  
  • CSD 683. Speech Practicum E


    2.00 - 7.00
    This required practicum course is an advanced level practice-based experience. Both CSD 683 and CE 650  may be repeated for credit. Prerequisites: CSD 682  and, if in an adult setting, CSD 544 and permission of department head.
  
  • CSD 690. Advanced Seminar in Speech Pathology and Audiology


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course will cover advanced considerations relative to the diagnosis and management of individuals with speech, language and hearing disorders. Prerequisite: Permission of department head.
  
  • CSD 691. Professional Seminar in Audiology


    1.00-3.00
    A review of professional training emphasizing case management using a grand rounds approach. This course will serve as a capstone experience integrating theory and practice; it will be offered in conjunction with the full-time externship experience.
  
  • CSD 698. Comprehensive Continuance


    1.00
    Continued preparation in anticipation of the comprehensive examination. Course may be repeated.
  
  • CSD 699. Thesis Continuance


    2.00
    Continued study, research and writing in the area of thesis concentration. Course may be repeated as needed will not be required to complete the written comprehensive examination. Students should talk with their advisers prior to selecting this option.
  
  • CSD 700. Thesis Research


    1.00 - 6.00
    The thesis option generally requires three to four semesters to complete. Students choosing the thesis option will not be required to complete the written comprehensive examination. Students should talk with their adviser prior to this option. This course is graded on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory (S/U) basis.
  
  • CSD 710. Seminar in Audiology (Geriatric Audiology)


    1.00
    The study of the aging process as it relates to communication and hearing. Evaluation and treatment strategies for the geriatric client are emphasized, along with special topics related to aging including auditory anatomy and physiology, diagnostic and rehabilitative services, and changes in auditory perception with advancing age.
  
  • CSD 711. Pediatric Audiology


    3.00
    Normal and pathological development of the auditory system; pediatric audiometric assessment; auditory and communication aspects in the habilitation of hearing-impaired children.
  
  • CSD 717. Directed Research


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course sequence provides opportunity for research in an area of special interest as directed by a faculty mentor. Emphasis on developing a question and hypothesis; selecting subjects and variables to investigate; collecting and analyzing data; and reporting results should provide the student with a meaningful research experience.
  
  • CSD 718. Independent Study


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course sequence provides opportunities in-depth study in an area of special interest as directed by a faculty mentor.
  
  • CSD 719. Audiology Clinical Rotation B


    3.00
    Supervised clinical practicum at clinical settings external to the Communication Sciences and Disorders Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic. Prerequisites: CSD 639  and permission of head of department.
  
  • CSD 720. Seminar in Audiology (Cochlear Implants)


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course addresses selected topics, issues and other content designed to prepare students for clinical practice in audiology. Content is treated on an advanced level with emphasis upon problem solving and integration of information across didactic and practical knowledge toward clinical skill development.
  
  • CSD 721. Hearing Aids and Signal Processing


    3.00
    Study of advanced concepts in signal processing as applied to real-world applications in digital speech processing, active noise reduction and applications in advanced hearing device designs and telecommunications.
  
  • CSD 729. Audiology Clinical Rotation C


    3.00
    Supervised clinical practicum at clinical settings external to the Communication Sciences and Disorders Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic Prerequisites: CSD 719  and permission of head of department.
  
  • CSD 731. Medical Audiology


    2.00
    Advanced study of the diagnosis and evaluation of hearing and balance disorders.
  
  • CSD 791. Directed Research


    1.00
    This course provides the opportunity for research in an area of special interest as directed by a faculty mentor. Students are required to participate in gathering data and observing the process of developing new knowledge through research. Emphasis is placed on the student becoming an expert consumer of research, as well as gaining an appreciation for research methodology.
  
  • CSD 792. Directed Research


    1.00
    This course provides the opportunity for research in an area of special interest as directed by a faculty mentor. Students are required to participate in gathering data and observing the process of developing new knowledge through research. Emphasis is placed on the student becoming an expert consumer of research, as well as gaining an appreciation for research methodology.
  
  • CSD 793. Directed Research


    1.00
    This course provides the opportunity for research in an area of special interest as directed by a faculty mentor. Students are required to participate in gathering data and observing the process of developing new knowledge through research. Emphasis is placed on the student becoming an expert consumer of research, as well as gaining an appreciation for research methodology.
  
  • CSD 805. Methods of Measurement in CSD


    3.00
    Principles for applying instruments, technologies and measurement tools to research in a wide variety of investigations and clinical applications in communication sciences and disorders. A survey and in-depth review of the principal equipment and instrumentation that is available and predicted to be available to researchers and clinicians in the communication sciences and disorders.
  
  • CSD 806. Ph.D. Professional Development Seminar I


    1.00
    Discusses issues related to success in Ph.D. programs and development of skills as a researcher, leader, expert clinician and academician, such as characteristics of successful Ph.D. students; approaches to integrating course work; research learning; preparing review papers and research proposals; ethics in Ph.D. education and research; issues related to IRBs; intellectual property; collaborations; scholarly networks; authorships; and the funding of research. Topics are selected and designed to meet the individual needs of specific cohorts of CSD Ph.D. students early in their programs.
  
  • CSD 807. Ph. D. Professional Development Seminar II


    1.00
    Discusses issues related to preparing for the dissertation experience and life beyond a Ph.D. program. Topics may include strategies for writing up scientific results; differences between dissertations and research articles; getting into print; strategies for presenting research and strategic selection of venues; and planning and developing an academic/research career, such as the first job and post docs; choosing the employer; the application and selection process; establishing oneself as a researcher, scholar and academic; surviving the first university position; facts and fiction of tenure and promotion; and thinking beyond the first job (career planning). Specific topics are selected and designed to meet the individual needs of specific cohorts of CSD Ph.D. students that apply later in their programs.
  
  • CSD 810. Professional Seminar in Audiology


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course addresses selected topics, issues and other content designed to prepare students for clinical practice in audiology. Content is treated on an expert level with emphasis upon problem solving, integration of information across didactic and practical knowledge toward clinical skill development.
  
  • CSD 817. Directed Research


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course sequence provides opportunity for research in an area of special interest as directed by a faculty mentor. Emphasis on developing a question and hypothesis, selecting subjects and variables to investigate, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results should provide the student with a meaningful research experience.
  
  • CSD 819. Audiology Externship A


    1.00 - 6.00
    Full-time clinical practicum with limited supervision at clinical settings external to the Communication Sciences and Disorders Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic. Prerequisites: CSD 729 , permission of instructor and head of department.
  
  • CSD 820. Professional Seminar in Audiology


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course addresses selected topics, issues and other content designed to prepare students for clinical practice in audiology. Content is treated on an expert level with emphasis upon problem solving and integration of information across didactic and practical knowledge toward clinical skill development.
  
  • CSD 829. Audiology Externship B


    1.00 - 6.00
    Full-time clinical practicum with limited supervision at clinical settings external to the Communication Sciences and Disorders Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic. Prerequisite: CSD 819  or permission of instructor.
  
  • CSD 830. Professional Seminar in Audiology


    1.00 - 3.00
    This course addresses selected topics, issues and other content designed to prepare students for clinical practice in audiology. Content is treated on an expert level with emphasis upon problem solving and integration of information across didactic and practical knowledge toward clinical skill development.
  
  • CSD 839. Audiology Externship C


    1.00 - 6.00
    Full-time clinical practicum with limited supervision at clinical settings external to the Communication Sciences and Disorders Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic. This course may be repeated with permission of instructor for up to 6 credits. Prerequisite: CSD 829  or permission of instructor.
  
  • CSD 841. Teaching Experience in CSD


    2.00
    With a faculty mentor, the student will engage in team-teaching of selected undergraduate/graduate course(s). In preparing for the teaching experience, students will examine scholarly literature related to the development of course objectives and learning activities, theories or students’ learning at the college level, and method of assessment at the college level.
  
  • CSD 842. Supervision Experience in CSD


    2.00
    Students enrolled in the course may be supervised in a clinical assignment or, if ASHA certification has been awarded, as a supervisor. Students and supervisors will be equipped for participation in the clinical teaching process. The tasks and skills of clinical teaching is a specialty area of practice as it relates to the interaction between a clinician and client. Clinical teaching will be examined through observation, conferences, review of records and communication skills. Competencies for the student clinician and for the clinical teacher will be examined in the literature and incorporated into presentation of research in supervision and current trends in work settings.
  
  • CSD 850. Advanced Seminar in CSD: Adult Language Disorders


    2.00 - 3.00
    This seminar focuses on the current views of etiology, assessment and treatment procedures of adult language disorders.
  
  • CSD 851. Advanced Seminar in CSD: Child Language Disorders


    2.00 - 3.00
    This seminar focuses on the current views of etiology, assessment and treatment procedures of child language disorders.
  
  • CSD 852. Advanced Seminar in CSD: Communication Enhancement


    2.00 - 3.00
    This seminar focuses on the current views of assessment and treatment procedures of communication enhancement.
  
  • CSD 853. Advanced Seminar in CSD: Aerodigestive Concerns


    2.00 - 3.00
    This seminar focuses on the current views of etiology, assessment and treatment procedures of aerodigestive disorders.
 

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